Ukrainian Refugees Have Boosted Poland's Economy, Yet Still Rate Their Integration Poorly. And in Germany, the Number of Russians Who Gained Citizenship Grew by 500%.

Ukrainian refugees have helped the Polish economy become more specialised and productive, without reducing employment among Polish workers. The presence of refugees has even driven local wage growth. Moreover, closing the gaps in Ukrainians' labour market integration could generate a macroeconomic benefit of $1.60 billion annually.

Nevertheless, according to data from Gremi Personal, despite years of living abroad, many Ukrainians still do not feel "at home" and consider returning to Ukraine a real option (17.9% of respondents). While more than 80% of Ukrainian migrants in Poland have stable employment with prospects of staying long-term, only 11% of those surveyed feel they have truly "put down roots" in Poland.

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