Explanation of complex terms in simple words: contracts and forms of employment in Poland

When looking for a job in Poland, Ukrainians often encounter Polish terms that are difficult to understand without explanation. The type of contract affects salary, taxes, social benefits, and the level of employee protection. Below we explain the main types of contracts and forms of employment in Poland in simple terms.

Umowa o pracę – employment contract

An employment contract is the main and most protected type of contract in Poland. What it means:

• official employment;
• fixed working schedule;
• paid leave;
• sick leave;
• social security and pension contributions through ZUS.

This type of contract is suitable for those seeking stable and long-term employment in Poland.

Umowa zlecenie – mandate contract

A mandate contract is a civil law contract. It is often offered for temporary or flexible work. Key features:

• leave is not guaranteed;
• sick leave depends on the contract terms;
• no fixed working schedule;
• social contributions may be limited.

This type of contract is suitable for part-time or short-term employment.

Umowa o dzieło – contract for specific work

This is a contract for completing a specific task or project. What is important to know:

• payment is made only for the result;
• no ZUS contributions;
• no paid leave or sick leave.

This contract does not provide social protection and is not suitable as a primary form of employment.

Praca tymczasowa – temporary agency work

Temporary work means employment through a staffing agency. The agency is your official employer. Characteristics:

• legal employment;
• quick job start;
• possibility to change the workplace.

This is a popular option for Ukrainians looking for work in Poland without lengthy procedures.

Praca sezonowa – seasonal work

Seasonal work is employment for a limited period, usually a few months. Most common sectors:

• agriculture;
• logistics;
• tourism and services.

Suitable for those planning a temporary stay in Poland.

Pełen etat and pół etatu – full-time and part-time employment

Pełen etat – full-time employment, usually 8 hours per day. Pół etatu – part-time employment, fewer hours and lower income. The employment level affects:

• salary amount;
• number of leave days
• social contributions.